Use of negative pressure therapy in closed surgical incisions of post-bariatric dermolipectomy / Uso da terapia de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica

Introduction: Negative pressure therapy gains ground in surgical practice as an intervention to improve healing. Post-bariatric patients undergoing abdominal dermolipectomy are at increased risk of local complications. There is a notable dearth of current Brazilian studies on this. This study aims to analyze the presence of complications in patients undergoing post-bariatric dermolipectomy surgery with negative pressure dressing in closed surgical incisions. Method: Descriptive study that evaluated complications of surgical incisions in 20 patients undergoing post-bariatric dermolipectomy surgery with negative pressure therapy. Data tabulated in Windows Excel software and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0 program. Qualitative variables were presented in simple frequency and quantitative as mean, standard deviation, and amplitude. CEP-UNISUL approved the study. Results: 20 patients undergoing negative pressure therapy, 80% (n=16) female, mean age 39.55 years (±9.08). Anchor incision was chosen in 70% (n=14) of the surgeries, with an average tissue removal of 1940 grams (±710.37) and hospitalization time of 40.20 hours (±19.18), corresponding to 1,66 daily. Only 15% (n=3) of patients had complications (dehiscence, seroma, and hematoma, which occurred in the same proportion). There was no case of necrosis. Conclusion: The use of negative pressure therapy in closed surgical incisions of post-bariatric dermolipectomy seems to contribute to reducing postoperative complications.

Introdução: Terapia de pressão negativa ganha espaço na prática cirúrgica como intervenção para melhorar cicatrização. Pacientes pós-bariátricos submetidos a dermolipectomia abdominal apresentam maior risco de complicações locais. Há uma notável escassez de estudos brasileiros atuais acerca disso. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a presença de complicações em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica com curativo de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas. Método: Estudo descritivo que avaliou complicações de incisões cirúrgicas de 20 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica com terapia de pressão negativa. Dados tabulados no software Windows Excel e analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0. Variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas em frequência simples e quantitativas através de média, desvio padrão e amplitude. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP-UNISUL. Resultados: 20 pacientes submetidos a terapia de pressão negativa, sendo 80% (n=16) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39,55 anos (±9,08). Incisão em âncora foi escolha em 70% (n=14) das cirurgias, com retirada média de tecido de 1940 gramas (±710,37) e tempo de hospitalização de 40,20 horas (±19,18), correspondendo a 1,66 diárias. Apenas 15% (n=3) dos pacientes apresentaram complicações (deiscência, seroma e hematoma, que aconteceram na mesma proporção). Não houve caso de necrose. Conclusão: Uso da terapia de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica parece contribuir na redução das complicações pós-operatórias.

The main abdominoplasty techniques used in post-bariatric patients after massive weight loss: systematic review / As principais técnicas utilizadas de abdominoplastia em pacientes pós-bariátricos após massiva perda de peso: revisão sistemática

Introduction: Obesity is defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and today approximately 2.1 billion adults are obese. With this high number of obese people, the demand for treatment via bariatric surgery has been increasing to reduce weight, resolve comorbidities and improve quality of life. However, intense weight loss can cause adverse physical, aesthetic, and psychological effects. Plastic surgery becomes essential to resolve these adverse effects. According to the International Society of Plastic Surgery, 112,116 abdominoplasties were performed in 2020, representing 8.6% of all plastic surgeries performed in Brazil. The objective is to present the main abdominoplasty techniques in postbariatric patients. Method: Studies that met the previously defined inclusion criteria were included. Results: A total of 28 references were included in this systematic review. Discussion: Most seek abdominoplasty due to the excess skin remaining in various body regions and the impact on post-bariatric patients' quality of life and mental health. The surgical techniques addressed are classic abdominoplasty; fleur-de-lis or anchor; circumferences; and Scarpa's fascia. The total number of complications was 42%; the main ones observed were scarring, skin dehiscence, infection, and necrosis; the three added up to 32%. Conclusion: The improvement in the quality of life of patients undergoing abdominoplasty is evident, but further research is needed to relate abdominoplasty techniques to these patients with postoperative complications.

Introdução: A obesidade é definida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥30 kg/m2 , e hoje cerca de 2,1 bilhões de adultos são obesos. Com esse alto número de obesos, a procura por tratamento via cirurgia bariátrica vem aumentando com o intuito de redução de peso, resolução de comorbidades e melhora da qualidade de vida. Entretanto, a intensa perda de peso pode ocasionar efeitos adversos físicos, estéticos e psicológicos. A cirurgia plástica passa a ser fundamental para resolução desses efeitos adversos. Segundo a Sociedade Internacional de Cirurgia Plástica, foram realizados 112.116 abdominoplastias em 2020, representando 8,6% de todas as cirurgias plásticas realizadas no Brasil. O objetivo é apresentar as principais técnicas de abdominoplastia em pacientes pós-bariátricos. Método: Foram incluídos estudos que cumprissem os critérios de inclusão previamente definidos. Resultados: Foi incluído nesta revisão sistemática um total de 28 referências. Discussão: Devido ao excesso de pele remanescente em várias regiões do corpo e o impacto na qualidade de vida e saúde mental dos pacientes pós-bariátricos, a maioria procura por abdominoplastia. As técnicas cirúrgicas abordadas são abdominoplastia clássica; flor-de-lis ou âncora; circunferências; e fáscia de Scarpa. O total de complicações foi de 42%, as principais observadas foram de cicatrização; deiscência de pele, infecção e necrose; as três somaram 32%. Conclusão: A melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a abdominoplastia é evidente, porém é necessária a realização de mais pesquisas que relacionem as técnicas de abdominoplastia nesses pacientes com suas complicações pós-operatórias.

Prevalência de cirurgia de contorno corporal em pacientes pós-bariátricos em um hospital universitário / Prevalence of body contouring surgery in post-bariatric patients at a university hospital

Introdução: O número crescente de pacientes com perda ponderal maciça, após cirurgias bariátricas, correlaciona-se com a procura por cirurgias de contorno corporal. Tais procedimentos reduzem queixas físicas e psicológicas, influenciando positivamente a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. Todavia, há poucos dados quanto à resposta dos serviços que oferecem tratamento cirúrgico para obesidade mórbida frente a essa necessidade. O estudo tem como objetivo aferir a prevalência de cirurgia do contorno corporal entre 2015 e 2018, em pacientes previamente submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, em um hospital universitário. Métodos: Consulta ao sistema de informação hospitalar e a prontuários médicos a fim de aferir prevalência institucional de cirurgia de contorno corporal pós-bariátrica. Foram excluídos pacientes que não tenham sido submetidos a ambas as cirurgias em nosso Serviço, os que realizaram os referidos procedimentos cirúrgicos em outros anos, bem como aqueles com registros incompletos. Resultados: Foram realizadas cirurgias bariátricas em 208 pacientes. Desses, 11% (n=23) foram submetidos a 27 cirurgias do contorno corporal, sendo a dermolipectomia abdominal (n=16) a mais realizada. A realização de mais de um procedimento para correção de deformidade corporal ocorreu em 13% (n=3) dos pacientes. A média de idade dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia do contorno corporal foi de 37 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (96%, n=22). Conclusão: A cirurgia do contorno corporal constitui etapa importante do tratamento da obesidade mórbida e tem caráter reparador. Há imensa carência dessa terapêutica, o que compromete irremediavelmente os resultados obtidos pela cirurgia bariátrica.

Introduction: The growing number of patients with massive weight loss after bariatric surgery is correlated with the demand for body contouring surgery. Such procedures reduce physical and psychological complaints, positively influencing the quality of life of these people. However, there is little data on the response of services that offer surgical treatment for morbid obesity to this need. The study aims to measure the prevalence of body contouring surgery between 2015 and 2018, in patients previously underwent on a bariatric surgery, in 2014 and 2015, at a University Hospital. Methods: Research in the hospital information system and medical records in order to assess the institutional prevalence of post-bariatric body contouring surgery. Patients who did not undergo both surgeries in our Service, those who underwent these surgical procedures in other years, as well as those with incomplete medical records were excluded. Results: Bariatric surgeries were performed in 208 patients. Of these, 11% (n=23) underwent 27 body contouring surgeries, with abdominal dermolipectomy (n=16) being the most frequently performed. The performance of more than one procedure to correct body deformity occurred in 13% (n=3) of patients. The mean age of patients undergoing body contouring surgery was 37 years, the majority was female (96%, n=22). Conclusion: Body contouring surgery is an important step in the treatment of morbid obesity and has a restorative feature. There is a huge lack of this therapy, which irreparably compromises the results obtained by bariatric surgery.

Post-bariatric body contouring surgery: analysis of complications in 180 consecutive patients / Cirurgia de contorno corporal pós-bariátrica: análise das complicações em 180 pacientes consecutivos

ABSTRACT Introduction: bariatric surgery is the main treatment for cases of severe obesity and body contour surgery to correct body dysmorphia resulting from weight loss. However, these procedures are associated with a significant number of postoperative complications. Objective: this study aims to analyze complications in post-bariatric patients undergoing body contour surgeries and correlating them with the age and BMI of these patients. Methods: the current study is a retrospective study evaluating 180 consecutive patients undergoing body contour surgery after bariatric surgery within a period of three years (2014-2016). Data such as age, gender, Body Mass Index before bariatric and plastic surgeries, type of surgery performed and complications were collected, and correlated the age as well as the BMI of the patients in the pre-bariatric (PB) and pre-plastic (PP) periods with the complications presented. Results: of the 180 patients evaluated, 91.7% were females (n = 165), and the mean age was 46.3 ± 1.7 years. The most performed surgery was abdominoplasty (48.9%), followed by mammaplasty (21.1%). Some complications occurred in 26.1% of the patients with partial dehiscence (40.4%) and seroma (14.9%) being the most frequent. Patients who presented complications had a higher mean age (50.8 years) than those who presented with no complications, and major complications accounted for 2.7% of the sample. Conclusions: a statistically significant number of surgeries progressed without complications and, when they occurred, there were minor complications in most of the sample. Complications were more frequent in older patients with some of them having a BMI over 30 Kg/m2.

RESUMO Introdução: a cirurgia bariátrica é o principal tratamento para os casos de obesidade grave e a cirurgia de contorno corporal trata a dismorfia corporal resultante desta perda de peso. No entanto, estes procedimentos estão associados a um número significativo de complicações pós-operatórias. Objetivo: analisar as complicações maiores e menores que ocorreram nos pacientes pós-bariátricos submetidos a cirurgias reparadoras do contorno corporal e correlacioná-las com idade e IMC destes pacientes. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo que avaliou 180 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a cirurgia de contorno corporal, após cirurgia bariátrica, no período de 3 anos (2014-2016). Foram coletados dados como idade, gênero, IMC pré-bariátrica e pré-plástica, tipo de cirurgia realizada e complicações, correlacionando a idade e o IMC dos pacientes nos períodos pré-bariátrica (PB) e pré-plástica (PP) com as complicações apresentadas. Resultados: dos 180 pacientes avaliados, 91,7% eram do gênero feminino (n=165) e a idade média foi de 46,3 ± 1,7 anos. A cirurgia mais realizada foi abdominoplastia (48,9%), seguida da mamoplastia (21,1%). Complicações ocorreram em 26,1% dos pacientes, sendo deiscência parcial a principal (40,4%) seguida de seroma (14,9%). Pacientes com complicações apresentaram média etária maior (50,8 anos) que os sem complicações, sendo que as complicações maiores ocorreram em 2,7% da amostra. Conclusões: a maioria estatisticamente significante das cirurgias cursou sem complicações e, quando ocorreram, foram complicações menores na maior parte da amostra. As complicações foram mais frequentes nos pacientes de idade mais avançada, dos quais alguns com IMC maior que 30kg/m2.

Factores que afectan la calidad de vida en pacientes con cirugía de contorno corporal: estudio de cohorte / Factors that have an impact on quality of life in patients with body contouring surgery: a cohort study

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores determinantes de la mejoría de la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de contorno corporal. Materiales y Método: Se estudió una cohorte prospectiva de 113 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de contorno corporal. Se estudiaron características sociodemográficas, mediciones antropométricas, variables relativas a la cirugía y se aplicó el instrumento Body-Qol®. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva, modelos de ecuaciones de estimación generalizada y modelos de regresión lineal y logística. Resultados: Se encontró mejoría en la calidad de vida de forma global (p < 0,0001) y por dominios. Los pacientes con pérdida masiva de peso tuvieron peores puntajes pre y postoperatorio, sin embargo, un delta de mejoría comparable con los pacientes estéticos. Dentro de los factores determinantes, existió una relación positiva entre la edad y la mejoría en la calidad de vida de forma global. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se encontró asociado negativamente con la mejoría del puntaje global. Dentro de los factores de la cirugía, los pacientes sometidos a lipoabdominoplastía tuvieron una mayor mejoría con respecto a otras técnicas. Además, el patrón de resección ampliado y en flor de Lis se asoció a menor mejoría en el puntaje global. Conclusión: La cirugía de contorno corporal mejora la calidad de vida de forma significativa. Los principales factores determinantes de esta mejoría fueron la edad, el IMC, el antecedente de pérdida masiva de peso y el patrón de resección.

Aim: To identify the factors that have an impact on the quality of life of patients with body contouring surgery. Materials and Method: A prospective cohort of 113 patients was studied. Sociodemographic characteristics, antropometric measures and variables related to the surgery were analized. The Body-Qol® instrument was aplied. Descriptive statistic, generalized estimated equation models and lineal and logistic regresions were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Improvement in the quality of life was found globally (p < 0,0001) and in every domain of the scale. The patients with massive weight loss had worse scores pre- and post-operatively than the esthetic patients. A positive association between age and improvement on quality of life was found. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with improvement of the score. The patients that had a lipoabdominoplasty had a major improvement in comparison with other techniques. Also, the extended resection pattern and Fleur de Lis pattern were associated with lesser improvement in the global score. Conclusion: Body contouring surgery improves quality of life significantly. The principal factors that have an impact on quality of life were age, BMI, massive weight loss and resection pattern.

Recuperação clínica e laboratorial dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia combinada de lipoaspiração corporal e lipoabdominoplastia / Clinical and laboratory recovery of patients undergoing body liposuction associated with lipoabdominoplasty

Introdução: A lipoaspiração corporal e abdominoplastia são cirurgias muitas vezes realizadas em conjunto para obter melhores resultados na modelagem corporal. Cirurgias associadas sempre aumentam a espoliação, por isto conhecer o comportamento da hemoglobina (Hb) no pós-operatório e a recuperação do paciente submetido a estas cirurgias combinadas é importante para sua segurança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a queda da Hb e a recuperação clínica e laboratorial dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia combinada de lipoaspiração corporal e lipoabdominoplastia. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo em pacientes submetidos à lipoaspiração corporal e lipoabdominoplastia, coletando-se hemogramas antes da indução anestésica, ao final da cirurgia, antes da alta hospitalar, após a 1ª, 2ª e 4ª semanas de pós-operatórios e também acompanhando suas evoluções clínicas. Resultados: A média da Hb ao final da cirurgia e na alta hospitalar foi de 10,4g/dl (desvio padrão (DP) 0,76) e 8,92g/dl (DP 0,86), respectivamente. A recuperação em média da Hb após 1ª, 2ª e 4ª semanas foi de 2,4% (DP 18,07), 41,6% (DP 18,4) e 74% (DP 15,2), respectivamente, em relação a redução que ocorreu entre a Hb inicial e a da alta hospitalar. Queixas de fraqueza e lipotimia foram frequentes até o segundo dia. Conclusão: A melhora clínica ocorreu até o segundo dia de pós-operatório (DPO) e a hemoglobina levou aproximadamente 1 mês para normalizar na maioria dos pacientes tratados apenas com reposição oral de ferro, sem necessidade de hemotransfusão.

Introduction: Body liposuction and abdominoplasty are surgeries often performed together to obtain superior results in body modeling. Since associated surgeries often increase spoliation, being aware of the evolution of hemoglobin (Hb) in the postoperative period and during the recovery of the patients undergoing these associated surgeries is important for their safety. This study aimed to analyze the decrease in Hb and the clinical and laboratory results throughout the recovery of patients undergoing body liposuction associated with lipoabdominoplasty. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with patients undergoing body liposuction and lipoabdominoplasty. CBCs were collected before anesthetic induction, at the end of the surgery, before hospital discharge, after the 1st, 2nd, and 4th postoperative weeks, and during their clinical follow-up period. Results: The average Hb values at the end of surgery and hospital discharge were 10.4 g/dL (standard deviation (SD) 0.76) and 8.92 g/dL (SD 0.86), respectively. The average values during the recovery of Hb after the 1st, 2nd, and 4th weeks were 2.4% (SD 18.07), 41.6% (SD 18.4), and 74% (SD 15.2), respectively. This is in relation to the reduction between the initial Hb and at hospital discharge. Complaints of weakness and lipothymia were frequent until the second day. Conclusion: Clinical improvement was observed until the second postoperative day (PO day). Hemoglobin required approximately 1 month to normalize in most patients. These patients were treated only with oral iron replacement and did not require blood transfusions.

Lipoaspiração de definição abdominal / Abdominal etching

Introdução: A lipoaspiração de definição abdominal consiste na criação de sulcos em locais específicos do abdome através da retirada de gordura em toda sua espessura, incluindo a camada superficial, permitindo um maior detalhamento da musculatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados da técnica de lipoaspiração na definição abdominal. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 80 pacientes do sexo feminino no período de 2017 a 2018. O grau de definição e as complicações relacionadas ao procedimento foram avaliadas pelo autor. Todas as pacientes responderam um questionário padrão sobre grau de definição abdominal, satisfação, naturalidade do resultado, aumento da atividade física e melhora da alimentação. Resultados: A média de idade das pacientes foi de 38,97 anos e a média de índice de massa corporal, 24,01. Gestação prévia foi observada em 75% dos casos, cirurgia abdominal pregressa em 25% e tabagismo em 2,5%. Cirurgias simultâneas foram realizadas em 90%. Em relação ao tipo de cirurgia realizada, ocorreu a seguinte distribuição: 40% lipoaspiração isolada, 36,25% lipoabdominoplastia, 12,5% minilipoabdominoplastia, 10% lipoaspiração pós-abdominoplastia e 1,25% lipoabdominoplastia reversa. Grau 2 de definição abdominal foi observado em 86,25% e complicações ocorreram em 8 pacientes. O índice de satisfação foi de 91,7% e o resultado foi classificado como natural por 97,5% das pacientes. Conclusão: A lipoaspiração de definição abdominal promoveu um alto índice de satisfação e naturalidade à região abdominal. Esse resultado pode ser atingido através da técnica de lipoaspiração convencional, sem nenhum dispositivo tecnológico adicional. Contudo, são necessários novos estudos para avaliação dos resultados em longo prazo.

Introduction: Abdominal etching involves improvement of the appearance of the abdominal musculature by removing fat from several skin layers, including the superficial layer. This study evaluated the aesthetic results of abdominal etching using liposuction. Methods: The aesthetic results and surgical complications of female patients were evaluated between 2017 and 2018. All study patients answered a standard questionnaire about the extent of improvement in body image, overall satisfaction level, naturalness of the result, and changes in exercise and dietary habits. Results: The mean patient age was 38.97 years, while the mean body mass index was 24.01. In our sample, 75% of the subjects had previous pregnancies, 25% had previous abdominal surgeries, and 2.5% had a history of smoking. Simultaneous surgeries were performed in 90% of cases. The following surgery types were performed: liposuction alone (40.00%), liposuction + abdominoplasty (36.25%), miniabdominoplasty (12.50%), abdominoplasty + liposuction (10.00%), and reverse abdominoplasty (1.25%). Moderate aesthetic improvement was observed in 86.25% of the patients, and surgical complications occurred in eight patients. The satisfaction rate was 91.7%, and the result was classified as natural by 97.5% of the patients. Conclusion: Abdominal etching promoted high patient satisfaction and achieved a natural appearance of the abdomen. This surgical outcome was achieved using conventional liposuction without the need for additional techniques. However, further studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes.

Comparação entre as complicações da lipoabdominoplastia sem preservação da fáscia de Scarpa com abdominoplastia clássica: um estudo prospectivo cego / Complications of lipoabdominoplasty without Scarpa fascia preservation versus classic abdominoplasty: a prospective blind study

Introdução: Abdominoplastia é um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos estéticos mais realizados. Seroma é a complicação local mais comum associada com abdominoplastia, com uma incidência média de 10%. A maior incidência de seroma pós-operatório (PO) ocorre no décimo primeiro dia PO. Ecografia abdominal é o método de escolha para o diagnóstico de seroma após abdominoplastia. Novas técnicas surgiram ao longo dos anos na tentativa de trazer melhores resultados estéticos com menos complicações, como lipoabdominoplastia descrita por Saldanha. Porém, estudos anatômicos recentes questionam a necessidade da manutenção da fáscia de Scarpa descrita na técnica de lipoabdominoplastia, descrevendo que em torno de 90% do sistema linfático abdominal está no plano subdérmico e 10% em um sistema linfático profundo justa-aponeurose abdominal. O objetivo é comparar a incidência de seroma na lipoabdominoplastia sem preservação da fáscia de Scarpa com a abdominoplastia clássica. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva, cega na qual serão analisados 40 pacientes consecutivos que realizaram abdominoplastia sem lipoaspiração associada (n = 20) ou lipoabdominoplastia (n = 20) no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre abril de 2016 e maio de 2017. Todos foram submetidos à ecografia de parede abdominal no 10o dia PO. Resultados: A incidência de seroma foi de 5% (n = 1) no grupo de abdominoplastia clássica e de 10% (n = 2) no grupo de lipoabdominoplastia, sem diferença estatística. Conclusão: Estes resultados, neste grupo de pacientes, mostram que não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is among the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Seroma is the most common local complication associated with abdominoplasty, with an average incidence of 10%. The highest incidence of postoperative (PO) seroma occurs on the eleventh postoperative day (POD). Abdominal ultrasound is the method of choice for diagnosing seroma after abdominoplasty. New techniques have emerged aiming to improve aesthetic results with fewer complications, such as lipoabdominoplasty described by Saldanha. However, recent anatomical studies have questioned the need for Scarpa fascia preservation recommended in the lipoabdominoplasty technique, describing that around 90% of the abdominal lymphatic system is in the subdermal plane, while the other 10% is in a deep lymphatic system near the abdominal aponeurosis. The objective is to compare the incidence of seroma in lipoabdominoplasty without Scarpa fascia preservation to that in classic abdominoplasty. Methods: Prospective blinded cohort in which 40 consecutive patients who underwent abdominoplasty without associated liposuction (n = 20) or lipoabdominoplasty (n = 20) at the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre between April 2016 and May 2017 were analyzed. All patients underwent abdominal wall ultrasonography on the tenth POD. Results: The incidence of seroma was 5% (n = 1) in the classic abdominoplasty group and 10% (n = 2) in the lipoabdominoplasty group, with no statistical difference. Conclusion: These results showed no statistically significant intergroup difference in seroma development.

Application of three-incision circumferential thigh liposuction in thigh contouring / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of circumferential thigh liposuction with three incisions in thigh.@*Methods@#From April 2017 to October 2018, 31 patients received circumferential thigh liposuction with three incisions. All patients were females at 17-42 years old, with the mean age of 25.6± 0.8 years. An incision was designed in the pubic area, two in right and left inferior gluteal folds respectively. After injecting tumescent liquid into operation area, blunt and bent cannulas with 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter and 20-45 cm in length were used to extract deep subcutaneous fat, but 0.5 cm thick subcutaneous superficial fat was preserved. Elastic pants were dressed for 3 months after surgery. The thigh contour improvement was evaluated by the patients and 2 doctors.@*Results@#All the patients recovered uneventfully, without complications of fat embolism or infection. Satisfaction ratios of overall thigh and inner thigh contour increased from 81.7% to 80.6%, evaluated by patients. Ten patients completed postoperative outpatient revisit after 2 months. Satisfaction ratios of overall thigh and inner thigh contour increased from 80% to 75%, evaluated by doctors.@*Conclusion@#Three-incision circumferential thigh liposuction is an effective method in thigh contouring with concealed incision scar.

Resultados a largo plazo en calidad de vida en cirugía de contorno corporal: Fase IV en la cohorte Body-Qol® / Long-term outcomes in quality of life after body contouring surgery: Phase IV results in the Body-Qol® cohort

Introducción: La calidad de vida es uno de los resultados en cirugía de contorno corporal más importantes. La evidencia sobre la calidad de vida de estos pacientes a largo plazo es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la calidad de vida obtenida en el postoperatorio temprano posterior a la cirugía de contorno corporal se mantiene a largo plazo. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva compuesta por pacientes postoperados de cirugía de contorno corporal con más de un año de seguimiento. La calidad de vida fue medida con el instrumento Body-Qol®. Se compararon los puntajes preoperatorios, postoperatorios tempranos y postoperatorios tardíos. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Resultados: La cohorte se compuso de 112 pacientes con un seguimiento a largo plazo del 75%. En toda la cohorte la calidad de vida mejoró entre el preoperatorio (43,9 ± 14,1 puntos) y ambas mediciones postoperatorias (85,2 ± 16,8 postoperatorio temprano y 83,6 ± 13,5 postoperatorio tardío), siendo estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,0001). Entre el postoperatorio temprano y tardío no existió diferencia (p = 0,112). El análisis por dominios demostró la misma tendencia. Los pacientes con pérdida masiva de peso tuvieron puntajes preoperatorios menores, pero igualaron a la población estética en ambas mediciones postoperatorias. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida mejora significativamente posterior a la cirugía de contorno corporal de forma temprana, y esta mejoría es estable en el tiempo. Esto se observa tanto en los pacientes estéticos como en los posteriores a la pérdida masiva de peso.

Introduction: One of the most important outcomes in patients undergoing body-contouring surgery is quality of life. Data on long-term quality of life is deficient. The main purpose of this study is to determine if short-term QoL after body contouring surgery maintains in the long-term follow up. Methods: A cohort study was designed; patients with at least one-year follow-up from the surgery were included. Quality of life was measured with the Body-Qol© instrument. All patients answered the preoperative Body-Qol© and at least one measurement after one year of follow-up from body contouring surgery. The preoperative scores, short-term scores and long-term follow-up scores were compared. The statistical analysis was made with Kruskal-Wallis y Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The cohort was integrated by 112 patients; the long-term follow-up was of 75%. Quality of life improved between the preoperative measure (43.9 ± 14.1 points) and both short-term and long-term measures (85.2 ± 16.8 early postoperative y 83.6 ± 13.5 late postoperative), which was statistically significant (P< .0001). There was no difference between the short-term and long-term measures (P = .112). The domain analysis demonstrated the same tendency. Massive weight loss patients had lower preoperative scores but improved more after BCS, reaching almost cosmetic values. Conclusions: Quality of life improves soon after surgery and is stable over time. This was observed for both massive weight loss and cosmetic patients.

Clinical application of focused ultrasound body contouring apparatus in non-invasive body contouring / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound body contouring apparatus in abdominal fat reduction and body contouring.Methods Forty healthy subjeets were equally randomized into treatment group and control group,and received two treatments with the JCS-01 device (3H Medical Technology Co,Ltd,Beijing,China) in the abdominal region at one-week interval.During each treatment,the subject was placed on the treatment bed and the region of interest was spread with an acoustic coupling medium.Then the ultrasonic transducer was fixed,and the operator controlled the computerized system to move the bed in a designed regon.The control group would not receive any energy therapy during treatment time.Subjects were followed for 28 days after the last treatment (day 35).Abdominal circumference,regional photos and safety parameters were recorded at the time instantly before and after treatment and days 14 and 35.Subject satisfaction survey was conducted at day 35.Results One subject in control group was loss of follow-up.No local skin reactions,such as erythema edema or papules,and no changes with clinical significance in laboratory examinations occurred in all other 39 subjects.The proportion of subjects with over 0.5 cm abdominal circumference reduction in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group at all time points (P＜0.05).Peak abdominal circumference reduction was on day 35.The abdominal circumferences of 19/20 subjects in the treatment group were reduced by 0.83-6.33 cm,and the mean abdominal circumference was reduced by 3.09 cm on day 35.The total effective rate was 95 ％,and the subject satisfactory rate was 75 ％.Conclusions The focused ultrasound treatments for body contouring is safe and tolerable and also significantly reduces abdominal circumference.

Clinical safety of fat reduction by a non-invasive focused ultrasound device / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the safety of fat reduction treated by non invasive focused ultrasound.Methods A randomized double-blind and negative control clinical trial was carried out on the excess fat of 40 subjects' abdomen by a JCS-01 non-invasive focused ultrasound device.Subjects received treatments with the device on day 1 and day 7.Observations on the area treated and inquiries on feelings were conducted during treatments.Before the first treatment and 14 days after the treatment,laboratory examinations were performed,including liver function,blood lipid tests,etc.Results 40 subjects participated in the trial and 36 subjects (18 each in both treatment and control groups) accomplished 2 times of treatments,all followed-up and laboratory examinations.During the process of treatments,4 subjects in the experimental group complained about feelings of tepidity or pricking.One subject on blood test of triglyceride showed slightly higher than her early normal result,which fell to the normal level at reexamination.Conclusions Subjects treated by non-invasive focused ultrasound at the area of no more than 500 cm2 every time and at an interval of 6 days manifest little changes on the blood test results,with slightly local reactions but no complaints during follow-up.

Two Cases of Lower Body Contouring with a Spiral and Vertical Medial Thigh Lift

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.

Measurement of hip and thigh profile in young females from the central plain area of China and its clinical significance / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the relevant data and aesthetic standards of hip and thigh profile in young females from the central plain area of China, aiming to provide a credible reference for the clinical application. Methods Measurements were made in 551 young healthy females aged 16 to 21 years, including waist circumference, hip circumference, maximum thigh circumference, thigh length and the ratio between thigh length and height. Based on these data, the features of the hip and thigh profile were analyzed. Results Waist circumference, hip circumference, maximum thigh circumference, thigh length and the ratio between thigh length and height were ( 70. 74 ± 5.86 ), ( 87.16 ± 4. 19 ), ( 51.87 ± 3.27 ),(42.35 ±2.38) cm and (26. 1 ± 1.23) %, respectively. The hip and maximum thigh circumference showed significant difference between different height and weight groups. The thigh length and the ratio between thigh length and height were positively correlated with height. Conclusion The parameters of hip and thigh profile in young females from the central plain area are of significant values in providing quantitative references for the plastic surgery and evaluation of the operation,especially in liposuction.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection after Body Contouring Procedure, Case Report

PURPOSE: NTM(non tuberculous mycobacteria) is rare cause of surgical site infection after plastic surgery in immunocompetent patients. There are some reports about NTM infection after body contouring procedure from Latin America. But, there is no report in Korea. The purpose of this article is to report 2 patients with soft tissue infection caused by NTM after body contouring procedure. METHODS: Two young female patients exhibited signs of inflammation and abscess after body contouring procedure. One patient underwent liposuction. The other underwent HPL(hypotonic pharmacologic lipo-dissolution) injection. RESULTS: The result of tissue cultures were positive for NTM. All patients responded to the combined therapeutic approach. CONCLUSION: The goal of this article is to raise awareness among plastic surgeons who may encounter such patients in their practice. NTM should be included in the differential diagnosis of surgical site infection after body contouring surgery.

Clinical Experience of Power- Assisted Lipoplasty(PAL)

Many people desire body contouring. Liposuction is a powerful tool for plastic surgeons in body contouring and widely used in many countries. The ideal liposuction technique allows greater volumes to be aspirated while minimizing blood loss, operative time, and complication. The mechanism of liposuction involves mechanical suctioning, followed by destruction of fat tissue by cannula movement. In PAL, a cannula powered by compressed nitrogen gas or an electric power source reciprocates between 2000 and 4000 cpm with a 2-3mm amplitude. We have treated 12 patients by PAL during 2001 January-September with excellent results. PAL made surgeons less fatique and discomfort, and resulted in shorter operation times, and decreased seroma formation and less scars at the incision site. PAL is also effective in fibrous fat aspiration in case of gynecomastia, superficial suction, large volume removal, and secondary liposuction. Conclusively the technique is safe, fast and capable of producing results comparable to those achieved with traditional or ultrasonic-assisted lipoplasty.

Combined ultrasound-assisted liposuction and dermolipectomy for abdominoplasty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the clinical effects of abdominoplasty using ultrasound assisted liposuction and dermolipectomy. Methods With the patient standing, the relative areas of maximal adipose fullness in the abdomen and waist were marked topographically. With the patient in the supine position, the "pinch test" was performed by surgical operator advancing the tissue in the infraumbilical area toward the pubic region in order to estimate how much skin needed to be resected before operation. Inter-operatively tumescent technique with the transduction of ultrasound into fatty areas was applied in the first place, following classic abdominoplasty including excessive skin and fat resection, musculoaponeurotic plication and umbilical transposition. Results Sixteen patients followed up from six months to two years were satisfied with aesthetic effects because of smoothness of the operated areas, good sensory recovery and obvious shrinkage of skin with fewer complications. There were no infection, skin necrosis, and wound dehiscence. Conclusion The excellent effects of abdominal profile sculpture can be reproduced with the new method using UAL in vivo and dermolipectomy.

Two-Plane Lipoplasty with Superficial Ultrasonic Liposculpturing

No abstract available.